Clinical trials are essential for testing whether new medicines are safe and effective but it really is just the beginning of the journey.
It must be monitored and regulated for their whole lifetime.
A medicine’s licence is the green light for it to be given to patients and it covers everything about how it should be used, who it's for, and what dose is appropriate.
It then needs to pass strict tests to make sure it's cost effective for the NHS.
Once a medicine is made available, the pharmaceutical company has a duty to continue to monitor it and make sure that performs safely for as long as it's on the market.
This process is called pharmacovigilance and it helps inform regulators about previously unknown side effects, but it can also help to collect additional information, real-world data that can be fed back to improve future research.
More data means a better understanding of what medicine can do often allowing it to be used to treat even more conditions or used in completely different set of patients.
The data can be fed back to progress basic science and unlock treatments for future generations.